Hence, color and intensity of the glow can be modified by adding different salts to the water.Ball Lightning, when cast, drifts slowly, piercing through enemies and most obstacles, until it travels its maximum distance or collides with a solid wall.
The temperature is also sufficient to produce an intense glow by exciting the atoms and molecules of the water and minerals contained in it. Owing to the plasma's temperature of about 4000 Kelvin this develops into a mushroom-shaped structure, typical of an ascending hot gas. The observation with a high-speed camera shows the initial formation of a surface discharge with filament-like structures before the plasmoid attains its spherical shape. The lifetime depends strongly on the amount of energy. The plasmiod carries an energy of about 4 kilojoule. Closer analysis reveals that of the 10 liters of water in the bucket approximately 10 milligrams are vaporized and ionized. When the switch is activated, a strong electric current of 50 to 130 amperes passes through the water for about 150 milliseconds: Above the central electrode a luminescent plasma ball rises from the water surface and lasts for about 0.5 second. The voltage comes from a capacitor bank that is charged by a high voltage supply. By operating a switch a high voltage of up to 4.8 kilovolt can be applied between the electrodes. Around the central electrode a ceramic sleeve searates a small reservoir of water from the rest of the water. The experimental setup consists of a water filled bucket made of acrylic glass in which two electrodes are mounted: one copper electrode on the bottom and a thick wire – the central electrode – at the water surface. The investigations now focus on the plasma-chemical processes that probably serve as the energy source of the plasmoid and thus determine its life time. In the end of 2009 the setup was moved to IPP Garching and redesigned. The experiment is based on a Russian concept that was scientifically continued at IPP's former Berlin laboratory, where methods of plasma diagnostics were employed. Laboratory investigations world-wide claim, for example, microwave discharges, electric arcs or electric discharges in water as cause.Īt IPP in Garching globular objects – called plasmoids – are created above a water surface by an electrical discharge. There has also been talk of magnetic stimulation of the brain or the retina. In 2014 Chinese scientists engaged in the investigation of lightning during thunderstorms happend to accidentally observe a phenomenon that resembled the descriptions of ball lightning.Īttempts at explanation assign a key role to electric and magnetic fields or chemical energy. Attempts at explanation give electric and magnetic fields or chemical energy a key role. They move slowly, sometimes silently, sometimes with a hiss, but also come to a standstill and are alleged to penetrate walls.ĭirect measurements are lacking the photos available might also be showing comets, meteors or fireworks. They last for seconds to minutes and vanish quietly or with a bang. Their appearance is often attributed to a lightning strike during a thunderstorm. The numerous accounts of ball lightning – in the past three centuries there have been over 2,000 reports – are contradictory: Observations describe mostly yellowish to reddish balls of up to 20 centimetres in diameter. They closely resemble typical descriptions of ball lightning. Glowing balls of plasma are created above a water surface at IPP.
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